Ayizizo zonke inkunkuma yezonyango ezinokwahlulwahlulwa ngokulinganayo, kwaye akufuneki ukuba yonke inkunkuma isuswe rhoqo ukuze ilahlwe. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkunkuma, ukuba indawo ithobela imigaqo yokhuseleko, inkunkuma inokugcinwa kwindawo leyo. Kunokuqwalaselwa ukuba ukhethe Inkqubo yokuLahla iNkunkuma yezoNyango kwisiza kwi-PPE engasetyenziswayo, ii-PPE ezisetyenzisiweyo, ii-dressings ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zelebhu.

Inkunkuma yemihla ngemihla: iiplastiki, iphepha, amalaphu, kunye nePPE

Ubuninzi benkunkuma yezonyango buquka ukupakishwa okusetyenzisiweyo, iphepha kunye nekhadibhodi, impahla, kunye nePPE elahlwayo. Le nkunkuma inokulawulwa kwiindawo ezincinci zonyango, ezifana neekliniki kunye nezibhedlele, ukuba kukho iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokwahlulahlula inkunkuma, ukuqokelelwa kwayo, kunye neenkqubo ezisisiseko zokubulala iintsholongwane. Ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwenkunkuma luqala kwindawo yokuqokelelwa kwayo. Umzekelo, abahlengikazi baya kuba noxanduva lokuqokelelwa kunye nolawulo lwegauze kunye neeglavu ezisetyenzisiweyo njengenkunkuma yezonyango eqhelekileyo kunye nokupakishwa kwezinto zonyango njengenkunkuma enokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo ekwahlukaniseni inkunkuma ecocekileyo kwinkunkuma engcolileyo kwenza inkqubo yolawulo lwenkunkuma kwindawo yemveliso ikhuseleke kwaye ibe lula.

Inkunkuma yeplastiki kunye nephepha inokucuthwa ukuze kongiwe indawo xa sele iqokelelwe. Kwiziko ezithile, ukuhanjiswa kwezonyango kuhanjiswa kwiibhokisi zekhadibhodi ezithi zibekwe zicaba kwaye zigcinwe ukuze zithathwe. Ukuba ilaphu elifana nelaphu lokulala okanye ilokhwe elahlwayo alingcoliswanga, linokususwa iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba lilahlwe. Iiglavu ezifana ne-PPE ezinobungozi obuphantsi zinokunyangwa ngobushushu okanye ngomphunga kwiikliniki ngezixhobo ezincinci ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe njengenkunkuma eqhelekileyo.

Inkunkuma eyosulelayo: izinto ezingcoliswe ligazi kunye neesampuli zelebhu

Inkunkuma eyosulelayo ifuna ingqwalasela engakumbi kuba inokuthwala iintsholongwane ezisasaza izifo. Oku kuquka nantoni na echukunyiswe ligazi, ulwelo lomzimba, okanye izinto zelebhu ezinokuba neentsholongwane okanye iintsholongwane. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yigauze efakwe egazini, iiswabhu ezisetyenzisiweyo, ii-cultures ezivela kuvavanyo lwelebhu, kunye nezinto ezilahlwayo ezisetyenziswa ngexesha leenkqubo ezincinci ezifana neenaliti okanye ukucoca amanxeba.

Enye yale nkunkuma inganyangwa kwindawo leyo, kodwa kuphela ukuba indawo ineenkqubo ezifanelekileyo. Injongo kukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphilayo eziyingozi ziyatshatyalaliswa ngaphambi kokuba inkunkuma iphume kwisakhiwo okanye iphathwe ngakumbi. Iikliniki ezininzi zisebenzisa iindlela ezifana nokubulala iintsholongwane ngomphunga okanye ukubulala iintsholongwane ngamakhemikhali. Umzekelo, i-autoclave isebenzisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ukunyanga iibhandeji ezingcolisiweyo kunye neetyhubhu zelebhu ukuze zingabe zisasuleleka. Emva konyango, inkunkuma idla ngokufana nenkunkuma yezonyango eqhelekileyo kwaye ingalahlwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngakumbi.

Ilebhu yesibhedlele ngumzekelo omhle wokwenyani. Yonke imihla, iingcali zijongana neesampuli zegazi ukuze zivavanyelwe. Iityhubhu zovavanyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neencam zepipette azinakungena ngqo kwinkunkuma eqhelekileyo. Endaweni yoko, zifakwa kwizikhongozeli eziphawulweyo kwaye kamva ziphathwe kwindawo ngaphambi kokuba zilahlwe. Oku kunciphisa amathuba okuba abasebenzi bokucoca okanye abaphethe inkunkuma bavezeke ngengozi.

Kwiikliniki ezincinci, le nkqubo ilula kodwa isabalulekile. Umongikazi onyanga inxeba uya kubeka izinto ezimdaka ngegazi kwisikhongozeli esivaliweyo nesibhalwe ngokucacileyo. Nje ukuba inkunkuma eyaneleyo iqokelelwe, inyangwa kusetyenziswa iindlela zokubulala iintsholongwane ezivunyiweyo ngaphambi kokuba iphume kwiziko.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha kukuhambelana. Abasebenzi kufuneka bahlule inkunkuma esulelayo ngoko nangoko, baphephe ukuyixuba nenkunkuma eqhelekileyo, baze balandele amanyathelo acacileyo onyango. Neempazamo ezincinci, ezifana nokuphosa iglavu engcolileyo kwisitya esingafanelekanga, zinokubangela iingozi zokhuseleko. Ngokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nonyango kwindawo, inkunkuma esulelayo inokulawulwa ngendlela ekhusela abantu kunye noluntu olungqongileyo.

Ukulahla ii-Sharp: iinaliti kunye nezikhongozeli zee-sharp ezivaliweyo

Eminye imibutho emikhulu yenza unyango lwenkunkuma kwindawo ethile, kuquka iinkqubo ezibandakanya ukuqhekeza okanye ukugquma inkunkuma nge-autoclave. Ezi ndlela zinceda ekususeni ezinye iingozi ngokutshintsha uhlobo lwenkunkuma ebukhali, ngokuyitshabalalisa okanye ukuyibulala iintsholongwane. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezinazo eminye imibutho, inkunkuma ephathwa kwindawo ethile inokuxutywa nenye inkunkuma yezonyango kwaye ilahlwe ekugqibeleni. Ezinye iikliniki ezincinci okanye amaziko ezempilo asemaphandleni anenkqubo engenzi nto exhomekeke kakhulu ekuthinteleni, njengoko iinkqubo zingavumeli ukuba iibhini zenkunkuma ezibukhali zivulwe okanye zifikeleleke. Ukulimala okunokwenzeka kunokubangelwa kukugcwaliswa kweebhini. Kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi xa iibhini zenkunkuma ezibukhali zikwiziko lezempilo okanye kwikliniki njengoko abasebenzi banokuphela bethutha/bethatha izikhongozeli zenkunkuma ezibukhali ngokwabo.

Imizamo yokukhuthaza ukuthobela kwabasebenzi ngoqeqesho nangezinye iindlela idla ngokuba nempumelelo ngakumbi xa abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango bebona ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma ngokukhawuleza njengomngcipheko wokhuseleko. Ukuba kukho izisombululo ezifanelekileyo zokulahla inkunkuma, izehlo zokulahla inkunkuma ngokukhawuleza ziyahlukaniswa kwaye abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi abaphatha inkunkuma yezonyango bakhuselwe yonke imihla.

Iwadi yokuzahlula kunye nenkunkuma yotyando

Eminye yenkunkuma yezonyango elawulwa kakuhle efuna ukuphathwa ngononophelo yi-ward yokwahlukanisa kunye nenkunkuma yotyando njengoko ezi zihlala ziveliswa kwiimeko ezinobungozi obukhulu. Oku kuquka izixhobo zesigulana ezibekwe zodwa kwizifo ezosulelayo kunye nezinto zotyando. Ezi ziquka imizekelo yeengubo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ii-drape, iiglavu, iimaski, i-gauze engcolileyo ngegazi, iityhubhu zokufunxa kunye nezixhobo zotyando ezilahlwayo. Kwi-ward yokwahlukanisa, nantoni na edibana ngqo nesigulana kucingelwa ukuba ingcolile. Kufuneka kuthathwe unonophelo olukhethekileyo ukuyiphatha. Kukho ixesha elininzi elichithwayo ukunyanga izigulana kwindawo ngaphambi kokuba zivunyelwe ukuphuma kwi-ward. Ngenjongo yokubulala iintsholongwane ngomphunga okanye ukubulala iintsholongwane ngamakhemikhali okunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo kwezinye ii-ward, izibhedlele ezininzi zisebenzisa izikhongozeli ezivaliweyo ezisiwa kwindawo ephakathi. Njengenkunkuma yezonyango, inkunkuma yotyando kufuneka isebenzise iindlela ezifanayo zokulahla, nangona kunjalo, umthamo udla ngokuba phezulu. Kwinkqubo yotyando eqokelela iingxowa ezininzi zenkunkuma, umzekelo, ngexesha lotyando lotyando, isikhongozeli esifanayo se-anaerobic esiqokelela iingubo zotyando ezilahlwayo kunye nezikhongozeli zokufunxa kufuneka sibe ngaphakathi kwigumbi lotyando. Ezinye zezi ndawo zokulahla inkunkuma zisebenzisa izixhobo ezitshisa inkunkuma kwindawo leyo kwaye zenze inkunkuma ingabi nabungozi ngaphambi kokuba ilahlwe. Kwizibhedlele nakwiikliniki ezingenabo obu buchwepheshe, okanye izibhedlele ezincinci kunye neekliniki, inkunkuma kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo leyo kwaye iqokelelwe ngaphandle kwendawo ukuze ilahlwe kwiziko lonyango elinelayisenisi yokulahla inkunkuma. Umzekelo wokwenyani yiyunithi yotyando esibhedlele apho utyando olungxamisekileyo lwenzeka yonke imihla. Igumbi lotyando linemigqomo emininzi eneebhini ezibhalwe ngokwahlukileyo ezifumanekayo ukuqinisekisa ukwahlulwa kwenkunkuma kwangoko nje ukuba iveliswe. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuphepha ukudideka, kunye nokuvezwa ngengozi xa kuyimfuneko kakhulu.

Iglasi, iintsimbi, kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nogonyo

Izinto ezilahlwayo zenkunkuma yokugonya ziquka iibhotile ezingenanto zevayirasi yokugonya, izikhongozeli zevayirasi yokugonya esele zisetyenzisiwe, iisirinji ezisetyenzisiweyo, iibhotile zevayirasi yokugonya esele zisetyenzisiwe, kunye nezikhongozeli zevayirasi yokugonya esele zisetyenzisiwe. Zonke ezi zinto zinokudibana nezinto zebhayoloji. Umzekelo, izikhongozeli zevayirasi ezingenanto zinokuba nezinto ezomileyo zevayirasi yokugonya, kwaye zihlala zibhengezwa zikhuselekile kwizifo emva kokubulala iintsholongwane okanye ukuhlanjwa ngolwelo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho yendawo, ezo zikhongozeli zinokutyunyuzwa okanye ziphinde zisetyenziswe. Nangona kunjalo, izikhongozeli ezixhomekeke kwizinto zebhayoloji ezinezixhobo zebhayoloji ezibuthathaka kakhulu ziphantsi kwemigaqo yonyango engqongqo kwaye zihlala zihlanjwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ulawulo lwenkunkuma yeglasi yeklinikhi neyelebhu yingxaki eyaziwayo. Zonke ii-ampoules eziphukileyo ezisetyenziswa ekuqokeleleni igazi kunye neglasi ephukileyo evela kwii-ampoules zenaliti zilahlwa nje kwizikhongozeli ezingenakugqabhuka. Loo nkunkuma yeglasi iphathwa kwindawo ethile kwaye ihlanjululwe ngokusila. Yonke inkunkuma ilahlwa ngendlela yokuba ukwenzakala kwabo baphatha inkunkuma kuthintelwe. Umzekelo, ikliniki encinci yokugonya iqala ngokuthunyelwa okuvaliweyo kweebhotile zokugonya ezisetyenzisiweyo ize izizalise ngosuku olunye, ekupheleni kosuku baphatha zonke iibhotile zokugonya ezisetyenzisiweyo, bavale ukuthunyelwa, baze bazigcine ukuze ziqokelelwe kamva.