Izibhedlele kunye neekliniki zivelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zenkunkuma ekufuneka ilahlwe yonke imihla, nangona kunjalo ayizizo zonke ezi nkunkuma ezinokujongwa ngaphakathi. Ezi zinto zichongiwe njengezinobungozi kakhulu, zininzi kakhulu okanye zifuna unyango olukhethekileyo kwiziko elikhethekileyo. Kunokubakho iinkxalabo zokhuseleko, umonakalo kwizixhobo kunye/okanye iingxaki zomthetho ukuba inkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle. Umzekelo, enye inkunkuma yamakhemikhali ayinakunyangwa ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye enye inkunkuma yamayeza ayifanelekanga ukuba itshatyalaliswe ngokuqhelekileyo. Iya kwazisa abasebenzi ukuba bangazishiyi ntoni ukuze bangenzi mpazamo kwaye inokubanceda ekugcineni abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo bekhuselekile kwinkunkuma yezonyango ebekwa kwindawo leyo. Inkqubo yokuLahla iNkunkuma yezoNyango kwisiza .

Inkunkuma ye-pathological: kutheni izinto ze-anatomical zifuna ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekileyo

Inkunkuma yesifo yiyo nayiphi na izicubu zomntu, amalungu omzimba, amalungu omzimba kunye nolwelo olususwayo ngexesha lotyando, i-biopsy okanye i-autopsy. Le yinkunkuma eyahlukileyo kakhulu kumjelo wenkunkuma yasesibhedlele. Ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu ngenxa yokuba inokuba nezinto ezibangela usulelo kwaye ayiphulwa ngokukhuselekileyo ziinkqubo ezininzi ezikwindawo.

Inkunkuma yamayeza: iziyobisi eziphelelwe lixesha nezingcolisiweyo

Inkunkuma yamayeza ludidi lwenkunkuma equka amayeza angasetyenziswanga okanye angcolisiweyo afumaneka kwiikhemesti, ezibhedlele nakwiikliniki kunye namayeza aphelelwe lixesha. Oku kusenokungabonakali kunzulu njengenkunkuma eyosulelayo, kodwa kufuneka kuphathwe ngononophelo. Inani lezi zinto linokuba neekhemikhali ezinokusabela kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo kwindawo ngendlela engalindelekanga. Ingxaki kukuba uninzi lweeyunithi zenkunkuma yezonyango kwindawo alwenzelwanga ukonakalisa ngokupheleleyo iikhompawundi zamayeza. Xa zicutshungulwa ngaphandle kolawulo olufanelekileyo, iintsalela zeekhemikhali zisenokuba zisekho kwintsalela evela kula mayeza. Oku kunokuba yingozi ukuba intsalela ibekwe ngengozi kwiinkqubo zomhlaba okanye zamanzi.

Ichaziwe imijelo yenkunkuma yamakhemikhali kunye ne-radioactive

Eminye imijelo emibini edla ngokuvela kwizibhedlele nakwiilabhoratri, ezingakhuselekanga ukuba zicutshungulwe ngenkunkuma yezonyango eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zonyango lwenkunkuma kwindawo, yinkunkuma yamakhemikhali kunye ne-radioactive. Zombini zifuna ulawulo olongezelelweyo njengoko zahluke kakhulu kwinkunkuma eqhelekileyo yeklinikhi. Iikhemikhali ezidla ngokuthathwa njengenkunkuma yamakhemikhali ziquka iikhemikhali zelebhu kunye nee-reagents, iikhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ukucoca, izibulali-ntsholongwane, kunye neekhemikhali ezingasetyenziswanga. Uninzi lwezi khemikhali ziyabola, ziyatsha okanye ziyasabela. Eyokuqala zizibulali-ntsholongwane ezinamandla kumagumbi okusebenzela. Ezi zinokubangela umonakalo kwizixhobo okanye kwiimpendulo ezingakhuselekanga kwiyunithi yonyango engenzelwanga ezo khemikhali. Ukudibana kweekhemikhali kunye nezinto eziphilayo ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka, oku kunokukhokelela ekukhutshweni kweegesi eziyingozi.

Izixhobo zesinyithi ezinkulu: imida kunye neengozi

Izixhobo ezinkulu zesinyithi eziyinxalenye yendawo yokhathalelo lwempilo eqhelekileyo njengeetreyi zotyando, izixhobo zamathambo, kunye nezixhobo zentsimbi engagqwaliyo zinokubonakala ngathi zinkunkuma yezonyango eqhelekileyo, kodwa azingeni kakuhle kwiinkqubo zonyango ezikwindawo. Ingxaki ayikokuphela nje komngcipheko wosulelo, ubungakanani bawo, ubunzima kunye nokusabela kwizixhobo zonyango. Iinkqubo zenkunkuma yezonyango zihlala zenzelwe izinto ezithambileyo ezifana neebhanti, iiplastiki kunye nezinto ezincinci ezibukhali. Izinto ezenziwe ngesinyithi esikhulu zingonakalisa izixhobo zokuqhekeza okanye zivale iindawo ezihambayo ngaphakathi, okanye zicothise inkqubo yokuqhekeza.

Iimfuneko zokuthobela imithetho yenkunkuma enobuthi be-genotoxic

Enye yezona ndlela zibuthathaka zenkunkuma yezonyango yinkunkuma enobuthi be-genotoxic, enokufumaneka ezibhedlele, ingakumbi kwiiwadi zomhlaza, kumaziko ophando nakwamanye amacandelo eekhemesti. Iqulethe izinto ezinokuba nefuthe elide kwimpilo yomntu okanye zichaphazele izinto ezikwizakhi zofuzo.